States: civic participation
Reported voter turnout, citizens 18 and older, November 2024
Percent of the citizen voting-age population who reported voting (self-reported, survey). Select a state on the map or in the table for its profile.
Reported voter turnout, citizens 18 and older, November 2024, by state
Percent of voting-age citizens. Shaded in five groups of about ten states each. Rank 1 is the highest value.
Data table
All 50 states and DC, A to Z. The Z statistic is Census’s test against the state ranked directly above; a value between -1.645 and 1.645 means the two are not statistically different.
| State | Nov. 5, 2024 general election | Margin of error (90%) | Rank (1 = highest) | Not statistically different from the next higher state | Z vs. next higher |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alabama | 58.7% | ±4.5% | 47 | yes | 0.06 |
| Alaska | 62.1% | ±4.1% | 39 | yes | 0.19 |
| Arizona | 61.7% | ±3.2% | 40 | yes | 0.13 |
| Arkansas | 52.8% | ±2.7% | 51 | no | 2.37 |
| California | 64.7% | ±1.6% | 34 | yes | 0.05 |
| Colorado | 70.1% | ±5.0% | 14 | yes | 0.13 |
| Connecticut | 66.3% | ±3.4% | 29 | yes | 0.21 |
| Delaware | 69.8% | ±3.7% | 17 | yes | 0.06 |
| District of Columbia | 79.5% | ±3.3% | 1 | n/a (rank 1) | |
| Florida | 60.3% | ±1.9% | 42 | yes | 0.17 |
| Georgia | 64.4% | ±2.6% | 36 | yes | 0.09 |
| Hawaii | 58.5% | ±3.4% | 48 | yes | 0.06 |
| Idaho | 65.2% | ±2.2% | 32 | yes | 0.31 |
| Illinois | 65.9% | ±3.0% | 31 | yes | 0.03 |
| Indiana | 60.7% | ±3.4% | 41 | yes | 0.35 |
| Iowa | 71.8% | ±4.4% | 9 | yes | 0.03 |
| Kansas | 70.7% | ±5.6% | 13 | yes | 0.10 |
| Kentucky | 67.7% | ±3.6% | 23 | yes | 0.43 |
| Louisiana | 58.0% | ±3.6% | 49 | yes | 0.17 |
| Maine | 67.1% | ±3.5% | 26 | yes | 0.11 |
| Maryland | 71.1% | ±3.6% | 12 | yes | 0.04 |
| Massachusetts | 68.9% | ±3.1% | 21 | yes | 0.12 |
| Michigan | 72.3% | ±2.9% | 6 | yes | 0.08 |
| Minnesota | 75.9% | ±2.9% | 2 | yes | 1.35 |
| Mississippi | 68.9% | ±2.8% | 21 | yes | 0.00 |
| Missouri | 69.5% | ±3.3% | 19 | yes | 0.08 |
| Montana | 69.2% | ±2.5% | 20 | yes | 0.12 |
| Nebraska | 67.4% | ±4.0% | 24 | yes | 0.09 |
| Nevada | 66.9% | ±2.9% | 27 | yes | 0.07 |
| New Hampshire | 71.9% | ±3.4% | 8 | yes | 0.10 |
| New Jersey | 72.5% | ±2.8% | 5 | yes | 0.18 |
| New Mexico | 66.0% | ±3.7% | 30 | yes | 0.10 |
| New York | 59.2% | ±2.6% | 45 | yes | 0.08 |
| North Carolina | 64.6% | ±2.7% | 35 | yes | 0.05 |
| North Dakota | 71.2% | ±2.7% | 11 | yes | 0.20 |
| Ohio | 67.4% | ±2.5% | 24 | yes | 0.00 |
| Oklahoma | 59.7% | ±3.1% | 43 | yes | 0.27 |
| Oregon | 75.3% | ±2.8% | 3 | yes | 0.24 |
| Pennsylvania | 69.7% | ±2.3% | 18 | yes | 0.04 |
| Rhode Island | 70.0% | ±4.0% | 15 | yes | 0.03 |
| South Carolina | 62.7% | ±3.2% | 38 | yes | 0.45 |
| South Dakota | 58.9% | ±3.8% | 46 | yes | 0.11 |
| Tennessee | 64.8% | ±2.6% | 33 | yes | 0.19 |
| Texas | 57.9% | ±2.3% | 50 | yes | 0.04 |
| Utah | 66.9% | ±3.1% | 27 | yes | 0.00 |
| Vermont | 71.7% | ±3.1% | 10 | yes | 0.03 |
| Virginia | 72.9% | ±2.4% | 4 | yes | 1.07 |
| Washington | 70.0% | ±4.0% | 15 | yes | 0.00 |
| West Virginia | 59.5% | ±5.5% | 44 | yes | 0.05 |
| Wisconsin | 72.2% | ±3.4% | 7 | yes | 0.04 |
| Wyoming | 63.8% | ±2.4% | 37 | yes | 0.28 |
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, November 2024 Voting and Registration Supplement, Table 4a. CPS November 2024, Table 4a, Percent voted (Citizen) and its margin of error · retrieved Oct. 2, 2026 · 51 rows · as of Nov. 5, 2024 · annual. File: CPS November 2024, Table 4a, Percent voted (Citizen) and its margin of error. Download CSV
Highest to lowest
An equals sign (equals sign) marks a state that is not statistically different from the next higher state: the gap between them is too small, given their margins of error, to say which is higher. The test is the Census Bureau’s: two estimates differ at the 90 percent confidence level when their difference, divided by the square root of the sum of their squared standard errors, is above 1.645 or below -1.645. Census cautions that overlapping confidence intervals are not a valid test, so the marks come from the test itself (U.S. Census Bureau, “Instructions for Applying Statistical Testing to American Community Survey Data” (2024)). The test compares neighbors only and does not adjust for making many comparisons; a run of marks is a group of states that cannot be put in order with confidence. Here 49 of the 50 neighboring pairs are not statistically different.
| Rank | State | Value | Margin of error | Not statistically different from the next higher state |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | District of Columbia | 79.5% | ±3.3% | Not applicable, rank 1 |
| 2 | Minnesota | 75.9% | ±2.9% | Yes |
| 3 | Oregon | 75.3% | ±2.8% | Yes |
| 4 | Virginia | 72.9% | ±2.4% | Yes |
| 5 | New Jersey | 72.5% | ±2.8% | Yes |
| 6 | Michigan | 72.3% | ±2.9% | Yes |
| 7 | Wisconsin | 72.2% | ±3.4% | Yes |
| 8 | New Hampshire | 71.9% | ±3.4% | Yes |
| 9 | Iowa | 71.8% | ±4.4% | Yes |
| 10 | Vermont | 71.7% | ±3.1% | Yes |
| 11 | North Dakota | 71.2% | ±2.7% | Yes |
| 12 | Maryland | 71.1% | ±3.6% | Yes |
| 13 | Kansas | 70.7% | ±5.6% | Yes |
| 14 | Colorado | 70.1% | ±5.0% | Yes |
| 15 | Rhode Island | 70.0% | ±4.0% | Yes |
| 15 | Washington | 70.0% | ±4.0% | Yes |
| 17 | Delaware | 69.8% | ±3.7% | Yes |
| 18 | Pennsylvania | 69.7% | ±2.3% | Yes |
| 19 | Missouri | 69.5% | ±3.3% | Yes |
| 20 | Montana | 69.2% | ±2.5% | Yes |
| 21 | Massachusetts | 68.9% | ±3.1% | Yes |
| 21 | Mississippi | 68.9% | ±2.8% | Yes |
| 23 | Kentucky | 67.7% | ±3.6% | Yes |
| 24 | Nebraska | 67.4% | ±4.0% | Yes |
| 24 | Ohio | 67.4% | ±2.5% | Yes |
| 26 | Maine | 67.1% | ±3.5% | Yes |
| 27 | Nevada | 66.9% | ±2.9% | Yes |
| 27 | Utah | 66.9% | ±3.1% | Yes |
| 29 | Connecticut | 66.3% | ±3.4% | Yes |
| 30 | New Mexico | 66.0% | ±3.7% | Yes |
| 31 | Illinois | 65.9% | ±3.0% | Yes |
| 32 | Idaho | 65.2% | ±2.2% | Yes |
| 33 | Tennessee | 64.8% | ±2.6% | Yes |
| 34 | California | 64.7% | ±1.6% | Yes |
| 35 | North Carolina | 64.6% | ±2.7% | Yes |
| 36 | Georgia | 64.4% | ±2.6% | Yes |
| 37 | Wyoming | 63.8% | ±2.4% | Yes |
| 38 | South Carolina | 62.7% | ±3.2% | Yes |
| 39 | Alaska | 62.1% | ±4.1% | Yes |
| 40 | Arizona | 61.7% | ±3.2% | Yes |
| 41 | Indiana | 60.7% | ±3.4% | Yes |
| 42 | Florida | 60.3% | ±1.9% | Yes |
| 43 | Oklahoma | 59.7% | ±3.1% | Yes |
| 44 | West Virginia | 59.5% | ±5.5% | Yes |
| 45 | New York | 59.2% | ±2.6% | Yes |
| 46 | South Dakota | 58.9% | ±3.8% | Yes |
| 47 | Alabama | 58.7% | ±4.5% | Yes |
| 48 | Hawaii | 58.5% | ±3.4% | Yes |
| 49 | Louisiana | 58.0% | ±3.6% | Yes |
| 50 | Texas | 57.9% | ±2.3% | Yes |
| 51 | Arkansas | 52.8% | ±2.7% | No |
| Not ranked | United States For reference, not ranked | 65.3% | ±0.5% |
About this measure
- Period
- Nov. 5, 2024 general election
- As of
- , retrieved
- Units
- Percent of the citizen voting-age population who reported voting (self-reported, survey)
- Uncertainty
- Published by the source, at the 90 percent confidence level.
- Data
- Download the CSV (all 50 states and DC, with the rank, the test and every input column)
- Self-reported turnout (survey), not official vote counts.
- The Census Bureau’s caveat: “Voting estimates from the CPS and other sample surveys have historically differed from those based on administrative records, such as the official reports from each state disseminated collectively by the Clerk of the U.S. House of Representatives and the Federal Election Commission. In general, sample surveys like the CPS tend to yield higher voting rates than official results. Potential explanations for these differences include question misreporting, problems with memory or knowledge of others' behavior, social desirability bias, and methodological issues related to question wording, method of survey administration, and survey nonresponse bias.” (P20-590, page 2)
- It measures participation, not results. Compare presidential years with presidential years.